Externalities Boardwork

externalities introduction

 

Should We Tax People for Being Annoying? nyt 8 jan 2013

 

  What are externalities?


back to basics: IMF externality introduction



negative externalities P J Holden
positive externalities PJ Holden

tu2 blog posts related to externalities

positive or negative?
crossrail
passive smoking (bbc)
albatross plastic (bbc)

tax and subsidy

indirect taxation (paj holden)

subsidy (paj holden)






economicsonline notes

us agricultural subsidies (pbs)

nigerian fuel subsidies jan 2012 bbc

farming subsidies in scotland bbc jan 2012

price ceilings and price floors

volatility and buffer stock

production and efficiency

tutor2u efficiency notes

economies and diseconomies of scale


consumer and producer surplus

productive efficiency and economies of scale
Real World Economics - Economies of Scale by Blessed_Hope

paj holden e of s







united biscuits production line

PES

YED + XED

 

 

Price Elasticity of Demand

simpler explanation for those that need it:

price mechanism + consumer and producer surplus

Open Evening 2013

introduction to demand and supply

Determining Market Prices

flash econ demand and supply presentation (10 mins)

economics online

Week 3: Introduction to The Price Mechanism

BBC World Food Price Index 2009

Link to the above article and fill in your worksheet...


Prep week 3

Find an article from any reputable media source:

Print a hard copy and tweet the link if possible using the hashtag #ppcprice

Answer the following questions based on the evidence in the article:

1. What has happened to price? 
2. What reasons does the article give as the reasons for the change?
3. What do you feel are the implications of the change on the actions of consumers and producers in the market?
4. Do you feel there is any role for government in changing outcomes in the market or do you feel the market is working efficiently?

Plan V Price

PPC and opportunity cost

 

 

 

tutor2u blog post

 

economicsonline notes

 

 

 

 

 

planning and command economies

The Economic Problem

Classwork
what is economics? - presentation + worksheet






what is economics? - presentation + worksheet

The Story of Economics from Kate Burn on Vimeo.

basics quiz t2u

positive and normative statements quiz

L6 Induction Material

econ 2 macro material

downloadable pdf of materi

PLOG Data charts

econ 1 market failure overview

econ 1 25 mark question

econ 1 timing and technique

definitions and diagrams 2013

basic externalities

10 ways to improve micro performance

elasticity notes + mcq past questions

econ 1 + 2 glossary

commodity markets resources

us drought 2012 interactive (ft)

commodities review april 2013 (ft)

latest t2u revision material - econ 1

markets in action quiz

additional quizes:
revision quizes masterlist
imperfect markets



public and merit goods

macro latest april 2013

download pdf (t2U)

econ 1 hard mcq review

Econ 1 hard mcqs from eclements

mock review econ 1 mcq (jan 2012)

UK Output Gap Latest

PLOG Data charts

econ 1 definitions and diagrams

controversial conclusions

Markets + Market Failure + Macro Revison Presentations

housing 2013

global prices interactive

housing flashcharts (t2u 2003)



bbc house price index

UK Labour Market Latest

inequality + minimum wage

poverty uk sats and charts (2009)

budget 2012 and  income inquality




arguments against the minimum wage

the labour market

Monopoly diagrams

monopoly

economicsonline notes on monopoly

 economicshelp notes on monopoly

tax v trade

carbon trading problems

ft carbon trading in depth

carbon tax v carbon trade
eu emissions targets (ft 2009)


australian carbon tax




china airlines ignores carbon tax (bbc jan 2012)

carbon taxes

australia's carbon tax (june 2012)

pigou club manifesto

us carbon tax debate national journal 2013

positive on negative externalities: climate change

environment - climate change

climate change and macro + fiscal effects

The Stern Report 2007
the stern review on the economics of climate change was hailed as a wake up call for the impact our present approach has on the environment and criticised many traditional methods of "internalising the externality" such as taxes. You can listen to the lecture and see the powerpoint presentation at the link below:

video of stern lecture

the full report is available from:

Stern Review on the economics of climate change

stern and climate change:

powerpoint on the dangers climate change

climate change presentation (t2u) handout (pdf)

merit goods - higher education + NHS

Higher Education Case Study
Introduction:
The introduction of tuition fees at £9000 per annum for university study could be an area of discussion on this years econ 1 paper.

Basic merit good arguments apply (see the last post on healthcare) but here the state is moving away from free provision towards charging individuals for their study.

It is felt there are clear merit good arguments for education to 16 (or indeed 18 with legislation to be phased in over the next couple of years) thus making it a legal requirement and providing it free makes sure the "right" quantity of education is consumed.  National Curriculum and inspection by OFSTEAD works on quality within this framework.

Higher education provision is not so clear cut - the government feels the benefits are more private in nature thus students should make more of a contribution to the cost.

There are  equity issues here in that it maybe only those from above average incomes may take the risk of investing in degrees.  Thus the government has built in some means-testing and suggested a quota system or positive discrimination to support children from lower socio-economic groups.

The impact of the introduction of tuition fees will only be known in the longer term.  The rise in youth unemployment may be enough to encourage more students into education as a way of dealing with a lack of job opportunity although many graduates are now struggling to find work.

Will we see the death of the liberal arts degree as students seek a greater return on their investment from more technical subjects??

Highly skilled and flexible workers are the key to sustainable growth in a competitive global environment - clear positive externalities of higher education exist in this sense.

Basic Analysis:

NHS Case Study
Introduction:
The central provision of healthcare since WWII under the NHS follows the themes of:

• equity - where every individual has the right to a certain level of care regardless on income
• merit good - where the state deals with failures in the form of information issues related to externalities and an underestimation of private benefit
• asymmetric information: doctor have all the information thus may make decisions motivated by financial goals
• moral hazard: insurance markets have difficulty dealing with the unique challenge of affordable healthcare cover.
• economies of scale - bigger is better for unit cost

Analysis:

Policy:

• subsidy

• zero price provision

Conclusion:
the NHS has delivered effective care for the UK population for over 60 years but is facing a triple threat:

• increased demand from an ageing population
• increasing costs from ever more complex drugs, technology and procedures
• austerity challenging total expenditure in the face of the above two issues

Efficiency gains through reorganisation and the use of private sector providers on partnership with the public sector is seen as a model to provide healthcare for the 21 century but is proving difficult to achieve both practically and politically. other resources: health care:
http://www.oheschools.org/ohe.pdf

nhs for sale (panorama)

nhs postcode lottery (panorama)

sicko michael moore (trailer)

briefing (michael moore

bbc archive nhs

education
tested to destruction? (panorama)

back to school (panorama)

alcohol strategy UK

Home Office Strategy page + strategy paper

demerit goods 2013

drinking
10 approaches to binge drinking
younge people and drinking
alcohol effects (bbc)

effects of alcohol

ready steady drink (bbc3)

bbc resources on binge drinking

1) ban prohibition
resticting consumption (res)

2)licensing laws + changing attitudes

24 hour drinking one year on (bbc 11/06)

impact of changes (bbc 11/06)

law change not changing habits (bbc 11/06)

alcohol attitudes in europe (bbc 11/07)

3) marketing and advertising

booze marketing ban (bbc 09/09)

the power of marketing (bbc 09/09)

4) minimum prices

alcohol minimum price (bbc 03/09) at a glance

eu ruling on minimum prices (smoking) ft 05/03/10

5) taxes

finlands u turn on alcohol tax (bbc 02/09)

alcohol tax rise (bbc 10/07)

impact of tax rises (guardian 03/08)

prices do not cut drinking (bbc jan 06)

6) legisaltion on age

call to raise drinking age to 21 (bbc 03/07)

7) state run monopoly

3 countries compared (bbc 11/05)

is state advertising effective (c4 june 2010)


minimum prices introduced

smoking
should we ban smoking (project sydicate nov 2011) + mp3 file

smoking video resources

cigarette warnings

bbc 50 years of anti smoking advice mar 2012

economic returns on education

externalities and policy solutions

 

Should We Tax People for Being Annoying? nyt 8 jan 2013

A bipartisan club of economists might have a way to solve traffic jams. (And get your neighbor to pick up after the dog.)

introducing externalities

What are externalities?


back to basics: IMF externality introduction



negative externalities P J Holden
positive externalities PJ Holden

tu2 blog posts related to externalities

positive or negative?
crossrail
passive smoking (bbc)
albatross plastic (bbc)